Symptoms of coronary artery disease are relieved in about 80% of balloon angioplasties, but in 30% to 35% of cases, the balloon will have to be reinflated due to residual atherosclerotic plaque. Only about 25% of cases achieve a satisfactory widening of the artery (less than 20% stenosis) on the first balloon inflation (Popma 1425).
When access to the vessel was obtained surgically by arteriotomy or cut down, the most common serious, but usually nonfatal, complication of angioplasty was abrupt closure of the vessel at the site of balloon inflation. That now occurs less often with PCI. Abrupt vessel closure may occur in 5% to 8% of cases (Popma 1425). Myocardial infarction occurs in about 5% of cases. Stroke occurs in 0.5% of balloon angioplasties (Popma 1425). Emergent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is needed in less than 1% of cases (Teirstein). The intraprocedural or in-hospital mortality rate is less than 1% (Teirstein).
Other complications may include arrhythmias, kidney insufficiency, and perforation of a coronary artery (less than 1%). Complications at the artery access site may include hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, or arteriovenous fistula and occur in up to 5% of cases (Teirstein).
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Source: Medical Disability Advisor