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Medical Disability Advisor  >  Diabetes Mellitus Type II  >  Definition

Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Related Terms

  • Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus
  • NIDDM
  • Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
  • Nonketotic Diabetes Mellitus
  • T2DM
  • Type II Diabetes
  • Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Differential Diagnoses

Specialists

  • Cardiovascular Internist
  • Clinical Psychologist
  • Endocrinologist
  • Nephrologist
  • Neurologist
  • Ophthalmologist
  • Orthopedic (Orthopaedic) Surgeon
  • Urologist

Comorbid Conditions

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Factors Influencing Duration

Factors influencing the length of disability include the presence and progression of complications, infections, loss of vision, amputation of foot or leg, dialysis, individual compliance with self-care regimen, and response to treatment.

Duration Trends from Reference Data

DURATION TRENDS
 ICD-9-CM: 250.00, 250.02  
CasesMeanMinMaxNo Lost TimeOver 6 Months
10134401891.3%1.7%
 
  
 
Percentile:5th25thMedian75th95th
Days:6163158138
 
  
 

Differences may exist between the duration tables and the reference graphs. Duration tables provide expected recovery periods based on the type of work performed by the individual. The reference graphs reflect the actual experience of many individuals across the spectrum of physical conditions, in a variety of industries, and with varying levels of case management. Selected graphs combine multiple codes based on similar means and medians.

Medical Codes

ICD-9-CM:
250 - Diabetes Mellitus
250.0 - Diabetes Mellitus without Mention of Complication
250.00 - Diabetes Mellitus Type II
250.02 - Diabetes Mellitus without Mention of Complication; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.12 - Diabetes with Ketoacidosis; Diabetic: Acidosis without Mention of Coma, Ketosis without Mention of Coma; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.2 - Diabetes with Hyperosmolarity; Hyperosmolar (Nonketotic) Coma
250.20 - Diabetes with Hyperosmolarity; Hyperosmolar (Nonketotic) Coma; Type II or Unspecified Type, Not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.22 - Diabetes with Hyperosmolarity; Hyperosmolar (Nonketotic) Coma; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.3 - Diabetes with Other Coma
250.30 - Diabetes with Other Coma; Diabetic Coma (with Ketoacidosis), Diabetic Hypoglycemic Coma, Insulin Coma NOS; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.32 - Diabetes with Other Coma; Diabetic Coma (with Ketoacidosis), Diabetic Hypoglycemic Coma, Insulin Coma NOS; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.4 - Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
250.40 - Diabetes with Renal Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.42 - Diabetes with Renal Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.5 - Diabetes with Ophthalmic Manifestations
250.50 - Diabetes with Ophthalmic Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.52 - Diabetes with Ophthalmic Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.6 - Diabetes with Neurological Manifestations
250.60 - Diabetes with Neurological Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.62 - Diabetes with Neurological Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.7 - Diabetic Gangrene
250.70 - Diabetes with Peripheral Circulatory Disorders; Type II or Unspecified Type, Not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.72 - Diabetes with Peripheral Circulatory Disorders; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.8 - Diabetes with Other Specified Manifestations
250.80 - Type II (Non-insulin Dependent Type) or Unspecified Type Diabetes Mellitus with Other Specified Manifestations, Not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.82 - Type II (Non-insulin Dependent Type) or Unspecified Type Diabetes Mellitus with Other Specified Manifestations, Uncontrolled
250.9 - Diabetes with Unspecified Complications
250.90 - Diabetes with Unspecified Complications; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.92 - Diabetes with Unspecified Complications; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled

Definition

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high levels of a simple sugar (glucose) in the blood (hyperglycemia) as a result of defects in insulin secretion or defective action of insulin or both. The two most common types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is a deficiency in insulin secretion resulting from destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (pancreatic islet ß cells); individuals with type 1 diabetes must receive exogenous insulin to prevent ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM) is an endocrine abnormality caused by a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient secretion of insulin in response to resistance. Type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed in childhood or can begin in mid-life (adult onset diabetes). It is the predominant type of diabetes internationally.

Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas, a digestive organ located behind the liver in the right upper abdomen. Insulin helps metabolize food, converting it into energy. In type 2 diabetes, resistance of the body to the action of insulin is accompanied by reduced production of insulin by the pancreas. The inability to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin varies considerably from person to person. Without sufficient insulin, glucose cannot be transported from the blood into the body's cells; it accumulates in the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia.

Genetic predisposition for diabetes is believed to be the main cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Classic symptoms of diabetes such as frequent urination, excessive thirst and hunger, mood swings, light-headedness may not develop in all individuals, and diabetes can go unrecognized for years before it is diagnosed. Diabetes is associated with complications such as persistent infection, vision loss (retinopathy), kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy), gout, poor peripheral circulation sometimes leading to amputation, and an increased risk of heart disease (coronary artery disease) and stroke (cerebral vascular accident). Risk for developing diabetes can be significantly reduced in susceptible individuals by careful monitoring and control of blood glucose levels through weight control and regular exercise.

Risk: Gender, age, family history of diabetes, and ethnic background are important risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes. Risk is greater among women than men and greater among inactive rather than active individuals of either sex. Individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes in a parent or sibling, who are over the age of 45, or who are obese (body mass index [BMI] greater than 30) have a greater likelihood of developing the disease. Ninety percent of individuals with type 2 diabetes are obese (Votey). A previously identified abnormal fasting plasma glucose, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol (generally total cholesterol >200mg/dL) are considered to be major risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This disorder is more common among Hispanics, Native Americans, blacks, Asians and Pacific Islanders than non-Hispanic whites (Votey).

Incidence and Prevalence: An estimated 8% of the population of the US or 23.6 million people diabetes and another 54 million have pre-diabetes ("National Diabetes Fact Sheet"). Pre-diabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to diagnose diabetes. Each year, about 1.6 million people aged 20 years or older are newly diagnosed with diabetes ("National Diabetes Fact Sheet"). Approximately 90% of these individuals have type 2 diabetes (Lithgary).

Incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising and is expected to increase worldwide in the coming decade. Incidence is also rapidly increasing in US children and adolescents due to the rise of childhood obesity; 2 million American adolescents have pre-diabetes ("National Diabetes Fact Sheet"). The incidence of type 2 diabetes now exceeds type 1 diabetes in the pediatric population. Increases among Hispanic and African-American children are greater than among other ethnic populations.

Source: Medical Disability Advisor






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