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Medical Disability Advisor  >  Diabetes Mellitus Type II  >  Treatment

Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Related Terms

  • Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus
  • NIDDM
  • Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
  • Nonketotic Diabetes Mellitus
  • T2DM
  • Type II Diabetes
  • Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Differential Diagnoses

Specialists

  • Cardiovascular Internist
  • Clinical Psychologist
  • Endocrinologist
  • Nephrologist
  • Neurologist
  • Ophthalmologist
  • Orthopedic (Orthopaedic) Surgeon
  • Urologist

Comorbid Conditions

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Factors Influencing Duration

Factors influencing the length of disability include the presence and progression of complications, infections, loss of vision, amputation of foot or leg, dialysis, individual compliance with self-care regimen, and response to treatment.

Duration Trends from Reference Data

DURATION TRENDS
 ICD-9-CM: 250.00, 250.02  
CasesMeanMinMaxNo Lost TimeOver 6 Months
10134401891.3%1.7%
 
  
 
Percentile:5th25thMedian75th95th
Days:6163158138
 
  
 

Differences may exist between the duration tables and the reference graphs. Duration tables provide expected recovery periods based on the type of work performed by the individual. The reference graphs reflect the actual experience of many individuals across the spectrum of physical conditions, in a variety of industries, and with varying levels of case management. Selected graphs combine multiple codes based on similar means and medians.

Medical Codes

ICD-9-CM:
250 - Diabetes Mellitus
250.0 - Diabetes Mellitus without Mention of Complication
250.00 - Diabetes Mellitus Type II
250.02 - Diabetes Mellitus without Mention of Complication; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.12 - Diabetes with Ketoacidosis; Diabetic: Acidosis without Mention of Coma, Ketosis without Mention of Coma; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.2 - Diabetes with Hyperosmolarity; Hyperosmolar (Nonketotic) Coma
250.20 - Diabetes with Hyperosmolarity; Hyperosmolar (Nonketotic) Coma; Type II or Unspecified Type, Not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.22 - Diabetes with Hyperosmolarity; Hyperosmolar (Nonketotic) Coma; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.3 - Diabetes with Other Coma
250.30 - Diabetes with Other Coma; Diabetic Coma (with Ketoacidosis), Diabetic Hypoglycemic Coma, Insulin Coma NOS; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.32 - Diabetes with Other Coma; Diabetic Coma (with Ketoacidosis), Diabetic Hypoglycemic Coma, Insulin Coma NOS; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.4 - Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
250.40 - Diabetes with Renal Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.42 - Diabetes with Renal Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.5 - Diabetes with Ophthalmic Manifestations
250.50 - Diabetes with Ophthalmic Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.52 - Diabetes with Ophthalmic Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.6 - Diabetes with Neurological Manifestations
250.60 - Diabetes with Neurological Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.62 - Diabetes with Neurological Manifestations; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.7 - Diabetic Gangrene
250.70 - Diabetes with Peripheral Circulatory Disorders; Type II or Unspecified Type, Not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.72 - Diabetes with Peripheral Circulatory Disorders; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled
250.8 - Diabetes with Other Specified Manifestations
250.80 - Type II (Non-insulin Dependent Type) or Unspecified Type Diabetes Mellitus with Other Specified Manifestations, Not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.82 - Type II (Non-insulin Dependent Type) or Unspecified Type Diabetes Mellitus with Other Specified Manifestations, Uncontrolled
250.9 - Diabetes with Unspecified Complications
250.90 - Diabetes with Unspecified Complications; Type II or Unspecified Type, not Stated as Uncontrolled
250.92 - Diabetes with Unspecified Complications; Type II or Unspecified Type, Uncontrolled

Treatment

According to the American Diabetes Association, eating well-balanced, healthy meals, and engaging in regular aerobic exercise are the best treatment and preventive measures for those with type 2 diabetes or a family history of type 2 diabetes. Both can significantly improve glucose tolerance and decrease medication requirements. Individual education in weight control through diet and exercise can be an effective combination to control type 2 diabetes. Stress reduction techniques also assist in controlling type 2 diabetes. Self-care education aimed at providing early intervention for any injuries to the lower legs and feet, including small scratches, should include daily inspection of feet and lower extremities, daily foot cleansing, moisturizing, and nail trimming. Wearing protective footwear can additionally guard against injury. If diet, exercise, and stress reduction are not effective in controlling blood glucose levels, the physician may need to prescribe medication (oral hypoglycemics) to lower blood glucose. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a progressive, chronic disease, so over time individuals with this disease are likely to need medications to control it.

In some cases oral medications may not be enough to effectively control glucose levels and insulin therapy is needed. These individuals lose all insulin secretory ability and, in effect, become a type 1 diabetic. As in diabetes type 1, pancreatic beta cell failure occurs, requiring insulin therapy since oral medication will have little or no effect. Insulin may be administered alone or in combination with an oral medication. Insulin can be self-injected; a health care provider will train the individual in the proper method of injection. Insulin therapy also might be required if exercise and diet are particularly difficult for an individual with physical disabilities, obesity, or comorbid conditions that reduce the ability to exercise.

Treatment also includes monitoring blood glucose levels at regular intervals by the physician and daily by the individual with a home-monitoring glucometer. Periodic testing of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides an indication of glucose levels over the preceding 60 to 90 days. The individual should be educated about the symptoms of, and early response to, hyperglycemia and abnormally low glucose levels (hypoglycemia). The individual should also have regular physical and eye exams.

Source: Medical Disability Advisor






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