Dislocation, Acromioclavicular Joint

Rehabilitation of acromioclavicular joint dislocation depends greatly on the severity of injury. The treatment of a minor acromioclavicular separation may consist of a sling for comfort for several days. Even if the acromioclavicular joint is not to be exercised, it becomes important to exercise the fingers, hands, and elbows to prevent stiffness. Once the initial pain and swelling subside, the rehabilitation process may warrant the observation and guidance of a physical therapist or occupational therapist until the individual progresses to an independent exercise program. The individual may be instructed in a home exercise program to continue daily in conjunction with supervised treatment. The progression of all exercise is based on the healing of the involved soft tissue.

The use of modalities such heat and cold can help in the control of pain and inflammation (Salter). Rehabilitation of an acromioclavicular dislocation begins with range of motion exercises to the shoulder in all pain-free movements. Individuals may progress to strengthening exercises, using pain as a guide, avoiding motions that may compromise the integrity of the joint (Buss). Care should be taken to strengthen all muscles surrounding the shoulder.

Heavy weight lifting activities should be avoided for approximately 8 to 12 weeks, until the ligaments heal. At this point, the strengthening program advances, as tolerated.

The therapist may need to modify the exercise program for individuals with arthritis or other joint irritations. If the acromioclavicular dislocation requires surgical repair, some restrictions may be placed on the progression of the range of motion and strengthening in certain movements. This varies depending on the degree of dislocation or type of surgery performed (Woodward).

Additional information may provide greater insight into the rehabilitation needs of these individuals (Clarke; Rockwood).