Fracture

The duration and type of rehabilitation treatment required following a fracture are related to the associated soft tissue involvement, as well as the location and type of fracture, and the method of stabilization (Chapman).

The goal of rehabilitation of fractures is to restore functional abilities of the individual (Salter). Rehabilitation primarily emphasizes restoring full range of motion, strength, proprioception and endurance while maintaining independence in all activities of daily living (Bucholz). Resumption of pre-injury status is the goal with consideration of any residual deficit. Protocols for rehabilitation must be based upon stability of the fracture and fracture management (operative, nonoperative).

Modalities, including cold, may be beneficial for controlling pain and edema (Salter). The individual should be encouraged to continue functional activities to prevent complications of inactivity and bed rest. Depending on the stability of the fracture, range of motion exercises of the adjacent joints may be started immediately and progressed to strengthening exercises as indicated (Chapman).

Bone healing may occur within 6 to 20 weeks; however the bone strength and the ability of the bone to sustain a heavy load may take up to several years (Chapman). Once healing has occurred, the individual may resume full activities of daily living. It is important to instruct the individual not to overload the fracture site until the bone has regained its full strength. The resumption of heavy work and sports should be guided by the treating physician.