Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Job Classification

In most duration tables, five job classifications are displayed. These job classifications are based on the amount of physical effort required to perform the work. The classifications correspond to the Strength Factor classifications described in the United States Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The following definitions are quoted directly from that publication.

Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Heel Spur (Calcaneal)


Related Terms

  • Achilles Tendon Spur
  • Calcaneal Spur
  • Calcaneal Step Deformity
  • Exostosis of the Heel
  • Haglund Deformity
  • Jogger's Heel
  • Pump Bump

Medical Codes

ICD-9-CM:
726.73 - Heel Spur; Calcaneal Spur

Definition

The calcaneus bone is more commonly known as the heel of the foot. A bony growth on the undersurface (plantar surface or inferior surface) of this bone is called a heel spur (calcaneal exostosis).

Heel spurs may also occur at the back (posterior) of the heel, where the edge of the shoe may rub; this is also known as a "pump bump," or a posterior heel spur. A posterior heel spur may also form where the Achilles tendon inserts into the calcaneus (retrocalcaneal exostosis, or calcaneal step deformity).

The spur can be seen on x-ray and is often discovered incidentally in x-rays done for another reason. Pain in this region is typically not the result of the spur, but from inflammation of the tissue in the area. Many people have heel spur(s) and do not have pain in the area.

Common causes of pain in the heel include a bruise (contusion) of the fat pad in the heel, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis, and inflammatory diseases, including Reiter's syndrome.

Plantar calcaneal heel spurs are thought to be caused in part by tension (longitudinal traction) of soft tissues, such as the plantar fascia pulling against the bone, but recent research indicates plantar calcaneal spurs may be more likely formed as an adaptive response to vertical (axial) compression on the heel bone (Menz 7). Posterior heel spurs resulting in a calcaneal step deformity can form in response to tension of an abnormally tight Achilles tendon that causes chronic tendon inflammation and reactive bone formation at its insertion.

Source: Medical Disability Advisor



References

Cited

Barrett, S. L. , T. T. Pignetti, and B. R. Egly. "Endoscopic Heel Anatomy: Analysis of 200 Fresh Frozen Specimens." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 34 1 (1995): 51-56.

Panchbhavi, V. K. "Plantar Heel Pain: Diagnosis and Workup." eMedicine. 17 Jun. 2009. Medscape. 24 Jun. 2009 <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1233178-diagnosis>.

Menz, H. B. , K. B. Landorf, and S. E. Munteanu. "Plantar Calcaneal Spurs in Older People: Longitudinal Traction or Vertical Compression?" Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 11 1 (2008): 7-7.

Singh, D. , G. Bentley, and S. G. Trevino. "Fortnightly Review: Plantar Fasciitis." BMJ 315 (1997): 172-175.

General

Wapner, Keith L., et al. "Heel Pain, in Chapter 30, Foot and Ankle.." DeLee and Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Ed. Robert Atkinson. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Saunders, 2003. MD Consult. Elsevier, Inc. 25 Jun. 2009 <http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/145937721-3/856205125/1103/1155.html#4-u1.0-B0-7216-8845-4..50032-6--cesec364_4718>.

Kaplan, Robert J. "Regional Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes: Ankle and Foot." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Review. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 2006. 138-139.

Source: Medical Disability Advisor






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