| Possible complications of hiatal hernia may include backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus (esophageal reflux), which can cause the esophagus to bleed and erode (ulcerate). Occasionally these symptoms may lead to cellular changes that predispose toward esophageal cancer (Barrett's esophagus). Stomach contents may be aspirated into the lungs while asleep, with consequent respiratory infection (aspiration pneumonia) and/or symptoms of asthma. Bleeding from the lower esophagus or inner lining of the stomach also may result in anemia; massive bleeding rarely occurs. Excessive gas (flatulence) and swelling of the upper abdomen (epigastric distention) may occur. An abnormal narrowing (stricture) of the esophagus or stomach is another potential complication. Occasionally, the prolapsed stomach may twist on itself (organo-axial gastric volvulus), producing pain, nausea, vomiting, and tissue death (necrosis). This condition is potentially a life-threatening situation and requires immediate surgical intervention. |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor