Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Job Classification

In most duration tables, five job classifications are displayed. These job classifications are based on the amount of physical effort required to perform the work. The classifications correspond to the Strength Factor classifications described in the United States Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The following definitions are quoted directly from that publication.

Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Hernia, Hiatal


Related Terms

  • Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Hiatus Hernia
  • Mixed Hernia
  • Paraesophageal Hernia
  • Sliding Hernia
  • Type I Hernia
  • Type II Hernia
  • Type III Hernia
  • Type IV Hernia

Differential Diagnosis

Specialists

  • Gastroenterologist
  • General Surgeon

Comorbid Conditions

Factors Influencing Duration

Factors that may influence the length of disability include the type and severity of the hernia, the surgical procedure used to fix the hernia, the presence and nature of complications, and the individual's age, health status, and job requirements. The length of disability may be significantly prolonged if the hernia recurs.

Medical Codes

ICD-9-CM:
551.3 - Diaphragmatic Hernia with Gangrene; Hernia: Hiatal (Esophageal) (Sliding) Specified and Gangrenous, Paraesophageal Specified as Gangrenous; Thoracic Stomach Specified as Gangrenous
552.3 - Diaphragmatic Hernia with Obstruction
553.3 - Hernia, Hiatal

Overview

© Reed Group
A hiatal hernia is the protrusion (prolapse) of a portion of the stomach through the junction between the diaphragm and the esophagus (diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus). The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle and tendons that separates the chest and abdominal cavities and keeps the contents of those cavities separated. The hiatus, where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm, is a potential weak spot in the diaphragm. A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes (herniates) into the chest cavity through the hiatus as a result of increased intra-abdominal pressure. Any repetitive action that increases pressure in the abdominal cavity, including chronic coughing, prolonged vomiting, straining during bowel movements, and sudden exertion, may result in hiatal hernia.

Hiatal hernias are common and in most cases go unnoticed. Over half of individuals who develop hiatal hernia will remain symptom-free. However, when the condition coexists with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which stomach acid backflows into the esophagus, the condition may become exaggerated and can progress to acute and sometimes life-threatening conditions such as gastric volvulus or strangulation. Individuals with GERD may have more pronounced symptoms from hiatal hernia than those without GERD because the hiatal hernia traps the fluids of gastric reflux and increases the period of contact between the stomach acid and the esophagus.

Generally, there are two types of hiatal hernia: sliding (type I) and paraesophageal or rolling (type II). A mixed hiatal hernia (type III) combines the two types. Sliding hiatal hernias occur when the place where the esophagus joins the stomach (gastroesophageal junction), which normally is situated below the diaphragm, slides into the chest cavity. A sliding hiatal hernia is more likely to be associated with GERD. Paraesophageal hiatal hernia occurs when the gastroesophageal junction remains in place, but a portion of the stomach herniates into the chest cavity. Occasionally, an individual may present with a mixed hiatal hernia, which occurs when almost all of the stomach herniates into the chest cavity. In this case, the gastroesophageal junction may lie either above or below the diaphragm. If a small portion of the small intestine also protrudes through the diaphragm along with the stomach, the hernia is referred to as a type IV hernia.

Approximately 99% percent of hiatal hernias are sliding, and 1% is paraesophageal; the other types are very rare (Quereshi).

Incidence and Prevalence: Hiatal hernia occurs primarily in developed countries that consume a Western diet low in fiber (Quereshi).

Source: Medical Disability Advisor






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