Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Job Classification

In most duration tables, five job classifications are displayed. These job classifications are based on the amount of physical effort required to perform the work. The classifications correspond to the Strength Factor classifications described in the United States Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The following definitions are quoted directly from that publication.

Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Hernia, Hiatal


Related Terms

  • Diaphragmatic Hernia
  • Hiatus Hernia
  • Mixed Hernia
  • Paraesophageal Hernia
  • Sliding Hernia
  • Type I Hernia
  • Type II Hernia
  • Type III Hernia
  • Type IV Hernia

Differential Diagnosis

Specialists

  • Gastroenterologist
  • General Surgeon

Comorbid Conditions

Factors Influencing Duration

Factors that may influence the length of disability include the type and severity of the hernia, the surgical procedure used to fix the hernia, the presence and nature of complications, and the individual's age, health status, and job requirements. The length of disability may be significantly prolonged if the hernia recurs.

Medical Codes

ICD-9-CM:
551.3 - Diaphragmatic Hernia with Gangrene; Hernia: Hiatal (Esophageal) (Sliding) Specified and Gangrenous, Paraesophageal Specified as Gangrenous; Thoracic Stomach Specified as Gangrenous
552.3 - Diaphragmatic Hernia with Obstruction
553.3 - Hernia, Hiatal

Diagnosis

History: Most hiatal hernias cause no symptoms; they are discovered incidentally from the results of chest x-ray or computed tomography (CT) scans taken for unrelated reasons. Individuals may report heartburn or chest pain that is more pronounced when they are lying flat, indicative more of coexisting GERD and hiatal hernia than of hiatal hernia alone. Initial symptoms of hiatal hernia, however, may be similar to reflux symptoms. Heartburn may wake the individual at night, or it may be more noticeable in the morning. Heartburn often is reported 30 to 60 minutes after eating or drinking. Individuals may report the sensation that food is sticking in the chest or upper abdomen, and they may complain of food or stomach acid regurgitating into the mouth.

Physical exam: A physical exam is not helpful for this diagnosis. Risk factors such as pregnancy, obesity, and excess abdominal fluid (ascites) may increase suspicion of hiatal hernia and encourage appropriate tests.

Tests: The diagnostic tool of choice for hiatal hernia is an upper gastrointestinal (GI) barium series. In this procedure, the esophagus and stomach are visualized by making a series of x-rays after the individual swallows a radiopaque dye (barium swallow). Movement of the barium is followed into the stomach and intestine. Other methods may further define the condition: A flexible fiberoptic instrument with a microscope at its tip can be inserted into the esophagus (esophagoscopy) for direct visualization and diagnosis. A tissue sample (biopsy) of the esophagus may be taken during esophagoscopy for microscopic analysis. A motility study may determine if the esophagus and stomach are contracting properly. A complete blood count (CBC) may be done to evaluate for anemia. Other tests may include measurement of pressure in the esophagus (esophageal manometry), measurement of stomach acid production (pH telemetry), determination of how well the esophagus is functioning (esophageal clearance studies), and an assessment of heart function (electrocardiogram [ECG]).

Source: Medical Disability Advisor






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