Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Job Classification

In most duration tables, five job classifications are displayed. These job classifications are based on the amount of physical effort required to perform the work. The classifications correspond to the Strength Factor classifications described in the United States Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The following definitions are quoted directly from that publication.

Sedentary Work Exerting up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force occasionally and/or a negligible amount of force frequently or constantly to lift, carry, push, pull, or otherwise move objects, including the human body. Sedentary work involves sitting most of the time, but may involve walking or standing for brief periods of time. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required only occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.

Light Work Exerting up to 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force occasionally and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of force frequently, and/or negligible amount of force constantly to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of those for Sedentary Work. Light Work usually requires walking or standing to a significant degree. However, if the use of the arm and/or leg controls requires exertion of forces greater than that for Sedentary Work and the worker sits most the time, the job is rated Light Work.

Medium Work Exerting up to 50 (22.7 kg) pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 25 pounds (11.3 kg) of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of forces constantly to move objects.

Heavy Work Exerting up to 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or up to 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Very Heavy Work Exerting in excess of 100 pounds (45.4 kg) of force occasionally, and/or in excess of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) of force frequently, and/or in excess of 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of force constantly to move objects.

Malunion and Nonunion of Fracture


Related Terms

  • Fracture Deformity
  • Nonjoining Fracture

Differential Diagnoses

Specialists

  • Orthopedic (Orthopaedic) Surgeon
  • Physiatrist
  • Physical Therapist
  • Preventive Medicine Specialist

Comorbid Conditions

Factors Influencing Duration

Functional difficulty and duration of disability depend on the site and severity of fracture and whether the fracture is a malunion or nonunion.

Medical Codes

ICD-9-CM:
733.8 - Malunion and Nonunion of Fracture
733.81 - Malunion of Fracture
733.82 - Nonunion of Fracture, Psedoarthrosis (Bone)

References

Cited

Cleveland, Kevin B. "Delayed Union and Nonunion of Fractures." Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. Eds. S. Terry Canale and James H. Beatty. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2007.

Boles, C. A. "Wrist, Scaphoid Fractures, and Complications." eMedicine. Eds. Bernard D. Coombs, et al. 16 Nov. 2007. Medscape. 29 Jun. 2009 <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/397230-overview>.

Court-Brown, C. M., and M. M. McQueen. "Nonunions of the Proximal Humerus: Their Prevalence and Functional Outcome." Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection and Critical Care 64 6 (2008): 1517-1521.

Milner, S. A., et al. "Long-term Outcome after Tibial Shaft Fracture: Is Malunion Important?" Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 84 (2002): 971-980.

Mundi, R., et al. "Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound: Fracture Healing." Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 43 (3009): 132-140.

Patel, Minoo, James J. McCarthy, and John Herzenberg. "Tibial Nonunions." eMedicine. Eds. Charles T. Mehlman, et al. 22 Apr. 2009. Medscape. 29 Jun. 2009 <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1252306-overview>.

Robinson, C. M., et al. "Estimating the Risk of Nonunion Following Nonoperative Treatment of a Clavicular Fracture." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 89 (2004): 1359-1365.

Stannard, J. P., A. H. Schmidt, and P. J. Kregor, eds. "Chapter 22: Outcomes. Intracapsular Hip Fractures." Surgical Treatment of Orthopaedic Trauma. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, 2007.

Van Oosterom, F. J. T., et al. "Treatment of Phalangeal Fractures in Severely Injured Hands." The Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand 26 2 (2001): 108-111.

Source: Medical Disability Advisor


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