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A mastectomy is a surgical operation to remove breast tissue and, in some cases, connecting lymph node and structural tissue. The most common indication for a mastectomy is breast cancer.
There are several types of mastectomy, which include partial (segmental); total (or simple); modified radical; and radical. The type of mastectomy performed depends upon the tumor size and location, the type of cancer, whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and a woman's personal wishes. Although in the past, a radical mastectomy was commonly performed, it is seldom performed today due to the associated disfigurement, the diminished arm mobility, and arm swelling (lymphedema).
For the majority of women, breast reconstruction is possible at the time of, or after a mastectomy.
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Source: Medical Disability Advisor
| This procedure is used to treat breast cancer or lesions that may develop into breast cancer. It is indicated in cases where the breast cancer is located in the central portion of the breast, in individuals with a very large tumor or multiple tumors, in those with locally advanced disease, and as a preventative measure for high-risk individuals. |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
| Either general or local anesthesia is administered during a mastectomy. An ECG is used to monitor heart rate. Vital signs are taken throughout the procedure.
A total or simple mastectomy removes the entire breast, skin, and nipple, but no lymph nodes. A partial or segmental mastectomy removes the lump and surrounding tissue.
The modified radical mastectomy removes the breast, nipple/areolar region, and often the axillary lymph nodes. The modified radical mastectomy is used for large tumors greater than 5 centimeters, in cases where reconstruction and regional control cannot be accomplished by other breast conserving procedures, and for women who do not desire a breast conserving procedure.
The radical mastectomy removes the breast, armpit (axillary) lymph nodes, overlying skin, nipple, areola, and the chest wall muscle (pectoralis major muscle).
The subcutaneous mastectomy removes some of the breast tissue, leaving everything else intact. This is not a treatment for breast cancer and is performed only as a preventative or prophylactic measure in persons who are deemed at high-risk for the development of this disease.
After a mastectomy, skin is closed with stitches or clips which will either disintegrate or be removed 7 to 10 days after the procedure. Typically a tube is inserted to drain fluid from the area. The tube is removed sometime between a few days to a couple weeks post procedure. |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
| Most women recover well from mastectomy. The extent of postsurgical discomfort and disability depends on the type of mastectomy, the stage of cancer, and if reconstructive surgery was done simultaneously. Typically, full recovery is expected in 3 to 6 weeks.
Occasionally breast cancer can recur after mastectomy; however, with appropriate treatment, the 10-year survival rate of breast cancer is over 90% ("Mastectomy"). |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
| Although there has been some argument as to its effectiveness, rehabilitation therapy following a mastectomy has proven beneficial for some individuals. Therapy can begin once the individual has physician approval.
Focus of therapy should be on improving arm circulation and shoulder mobility, preventing postural deformities, muscle tension, and gaining shoulder strength. There are also special considerations for individuals who have had the lymph nodes removed in order to prevent lymphedema.
To prevent lymphedema, the extremity should be elevated above the level of the heart while sleeping and as often as possible during the day. Manual massage, isometric and isotonic pumping exercises are also necessary.
Exaggerated deep breathing exercises can be performed to ease the feeling of tightness in the chest and to fully expand the lungs. |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
| Following recuperation, possible work restrictions and accommodations include temporary transfer from duties involving strenuous physical activity. Daily activities should be resumed as soon as possible and vigorous exercise should be avoided for about 6 weeks. |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor
| "Mastectomy." MedlinePlus. 13 Apr. 2004. National Library of Medicine. 27 Dec. 2004 <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002919.htm>. |
Source: Medical Disability Advisor